Worth knowing Mood

Meditate, with realistic expectations

It does something real. It does considerably less than it is sold as doing.

Moderate evidenceReal support, but smaller effects or fewer replications than you would want.
What it costs 10 to 20 minutes

Do this

Pick one technique and practise for ten to twenty minutes most days for at least eight weeks before judging. Structured programmes such as MBSR have the best evidence. Expect a modest improvement in anxiety and mood, not a transformation.

Why it works

A large systematic review found moderate evidence for small improvements in anxiety, depression and pain from mindfulness meditation programmes, roughly comparable to what antidepressants achieve for those outcomes in primary care. Evidence for effects on attention, sleep, weight and substance use was low or insufficient.

Where it fails

Much of the literature has weak controls - comparing meditation to nothing rather than to an equally plausible activity. Adverse effects, including anxiety and dissociation, are underreported and occur in a meaningful minority.

How you’ll know

Eight weeks in, ask whether anything outside the cushion changed. That is what was being claimed.